Raporo yubushakashatsi bwikirahure cya fibre: Gukomatanya ibintu bifatika, ukwezi no gukura kubana

1 Ikirahure fibre yibikoresho byerekana ibikoresho, bikoreshwa mubice bitandukanye byubukungu bwigihugu

1.1 Fibre fibre - ikora cyane inorganic non-metallic material

Ikirahuri cya fibre ikora cyane, ibikoresho byinshi.Fibre fibre yavutse 1930, ni pyrophyllite, umucanga wa quartz, hekeste, dolomite, borite, boromite nibindi bikoresho byingenzi byamabuye y'agaciro hamwe na aside ya boric, ivu rya soda nibindi bikoresho fatizo bya chimique bitanga ibikoresho bitarimo ubutare.Hamwe nuburemere bworoshye, imbaraga nyinshi, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru nubushyuhe buke, kurwanya ruswa, kubika ubushyuhe, gucana umuriro, kwinjiza amajwi, gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi nibindi bintu byiza cyane hamwe nuburyo bunoze bwo gukora, ni ibikoresho byiza bikora nibikoresho byubaka.Mu myaka yashize, ibirahuri bya fibre thermoplastique ibikoresho byongerewe imbaraga byateye imbere byihuse, kandi ibicuruzwa bishya nkibirahuri bya fibre byubaka ibikoresho byubaka, fibre ngufi hamwe nibikoresho birebire bya fibre birebire byabaye ibintu bishya byerekana iterambere ryinganda zikora ibirahure.Ikoreshwa rya fibre fibre yagutse kuva mubikorwa gakondo byinganda nkibikoresho byubwubatsi, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, inzira ya gari ya moshi, peteroli, inganda zikora amamodoka kugera kumasoko agaragara nko mu kirere, kubyara ingufu z'umuyaga, kuyungurura no gukuraho ivumbi, ubwubatsi bushingiye ku bidukikije, hamwe n’ubwubatsi bw’inyanja.

Ihame ryo gutondeka riratandukanye, kandi ubwoko bwa fibre fibre iratandukanye.Ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwibikorwa nuburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro, ibicuruzwa bya fibre yikirahure yisosiyete irashobora kugabanywa mukuzunguruka, kuzunguruka, kuzunguruka, ibicuruzwa bizunguruka ibyiciro bine.Kuzenguruka birimo ubudodo butaziguye, ply yarn hamwe nugufi mugufi;Urudodo rwiza rushobora kugabanywamo ubudodo bwambere, impuzu zibiri, ubudodo bwinshi hamwe nintambara itaziguye.Ibicuruzwa byimuka birimo imyenda myinshi-axial, umwenda wuzuye, wumvise;Ibicuruzwa byiza byudodo birimo imyenda ya elegitoronike nigitambara cyinganda.Ukurikije ibikoresho bitandukanye bya matrix resin bihuye, birashobora kugabanywamo fibre ya termosetting ya fibre hamwe na fibre yububiko bwa termoplastique ibyiciro bibiri.

Matrix isubiramo ihuza ibirahuri bya fibre ya resmosetting resin ni resin fenolike, urea-formaldehyde resin, epoxy resin, resin idahagije, polyurethane nibindi.Ubushuhe bwa Thermosetting ni polymer cyangwa umurongo wumunyururu wa polymer mbere yo gukira, kandi nyuma yo gukira ubushyuhe, imvano yimiti ikorwa hagati yiminyururu ya molekile kugirango ihinduke imiterere yibice bitatu, ikorwa rimwe kandi ntishobora kongera gushyuha.Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mumirima ikenera kugera kubushyuhe, kwambara birwanya, kubika, imbaraga nyinshi nizindi ngaruka, nkumuyaga wumuyaga hamwe nimbaho ​​zumuzunguruko.

Matrix isubiramo ihuza ibirahuri bya fibre ya resmoplastique ni polyolefin, polyamide, polyester, polyakarubone, polyformaldehyde nibindi.Ubushuhe bwa Thermoplastique nuburemere buke bwa molekuline bukomeye mubushyuhe bwicyumba, ni umurongo cyangwa umurongo muto wamashami ya polymer, ntaho uhurira na molekile, gusa nimbaraga za van der Waals cyangwa hydrogène ihuza gukurura.Muburyo bwo kubumba, resinoplastique resin yoroshye kandi igatemba nyuma yo gushyushya igitutu, nta guhuza imiti, kandi birashobora gushirwa mubibumbano, kandi ibicuruzwa bifite imiterere isabwa birashobora gukorwa no gukonjesha.Ahanini ikoreshwa mugushikira ubukana, kurwanya ruswa, kurwanya umunaniro nizindi ngaruka zumurima, nko gukora imodoka, ibikoresho byo murugo, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho byubaka.Nyuma yikirahure cya termoplastique fibre composite ikize kandi igakonja, irashobora kugera kumazi mugushuha kandi ikagira neza.

Ikirahure cya fibre fibre itanura ningenzi, gushushanya insinga zingenzi zikurwa buhoro buhoro ku isoko.Hariho uburyo bubiri bwingenzi bwo gukora ibirahuri bya fibre, bigabanijwemo ibice bibiri - uburyo bwo gushushanya insinga zikomeye hamwe nuburyo bumwe - uburyo bwo gushushanya insinga ya pisine.Uburyo bukomeye bwo gushushanya insinga: inzira iragoye, ibikoresho bibisi byikirahure bishongeshwa mumupira wikirahure mubushyuhe bwinshi, hanyuma umupira wikirahure ushonga kabiri, kandi gushushanya insinga yihuta bikozwe mubudodo bwa fibre fibre.Uburyo bwo gushushanya insinga za pisine: ibikoresho fatizo nka pyrophylla bishongeshwa mu itanura kugirango bikemure ibirahure, hanyuma ibibyimba bikurwaho bikajyanwa ku isahani yamenetse binyuze mu muyoboro, kandi fibre yikirahure ikururwa ku muvuduko mwinshi.Itanura rishobora guhuza amagana yamasahani yamenetse binyuze mumiyoboro myinshi icyarimwe.Ugereranije nuburyo bukomeye bwo gushushanya insinga, inzira yo gushushanya insinga ya pisine iroroshye, kuzigama ingufu no kugabanya ibicuruzwa, gukora neza, gukora neza no gutanga umusaruro mwinshi, kandi byoroheye umusaruro munini wuzuye wuzuye, wahindutse umusaruro mpuzamahanga rusange inzira, hamwe nikirahure cya fibre fibre yakozwe niyi nzira irenga 90% yumusaruro wisi.